What is Routing and Switching

Router:-

A Router is a special type of computer. It has the same basic components as a standard desktop PC. However, routers are designed to perform some very specific functions. Just as computers need operating systems to run software applications, routers need the Inter-network Operating System software (IOS) to run configuration files? These configuration files contain the instructions and parameters that control the flow of traffic in and out of the routers. The many parts of a router are shown below:

                  A Router is a device that forwards the data packets between computers on different sub-net  or networks, creating overlay inter-network. Router has a firmware ,called IOS (Inter Operating System). Router can be connected two or more data lines from different network. Router works on layer-3 of OSI model. and IP address is also work on Layer-3. Router reads the IP address information  in the packet to determine its ultimate destination. Then using information in its routing table or routing policy, it directs the packet to next network on the basis of routing table.

Cisco Routers

          To route the packet to its destination, this process is called Routing. Routing is a way to learn and maintain awareness of the network topology, Router looks up the destination in its routing table. To create a routing table to method is used.

 1- Static Routing

2- Dynamic Routing

Static Routing -- In this method network related all information is configured manually by the Network Administrator. and on the basis of these information Router receive and send the data. this is called Static Routing.

Dynamic Routing-- for the dynamic routing Network Administrator needs to enable some protocols on the Router, these protocols are called Routing Protocols. after that all the rest Routing Protocol work itself. Some Routing Protocols. RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, BGP etc..

* Will discuss all protocol in next post.

Switch :- A Switch is device like Router, that forwards the data frames between computers on same subnet or different subnet ( in the case of Core Switch). it also have a IOS. there is difference between Router and Switch , that Router work on Layer 3 of OSI model. and Switch work on Layer 2 of OSI model. Switch works on the basis of MAC (Media Access Control). MAC also work on Layer 2. Switch make a MAC table. and work on the basis of this table. Switch has two types- 1. Manageable Switch, 2. Non-Manageable Switch. Switch works on Full Duplex.

Cisco Switches

            which data comes to the Switch, after reading the address from the data header, switch forward the data frame to its destination. this process is call Switching .

We can use three Method for Switching.

1. Store and forward Switching

2. Cut Through Switching 

                  OR

     Real Time Switching

3. Modified Cut Through Switching

                         OR

     Fragment Free Switching

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Network Definition, and Its classification, topology

A Network is a group of computers and other hardware components interconnected by communication channels that allow sharing of resources and information. To prepare a network we have some network topology like, Bus Topology, Token Ring Topology, Star Topology etc.

BUS Topology

 The manner how you are arranging the computers connect to each other in the Network, is called Topology. In other words The geometric arrangement of a computer system. 

See the Network Topology Diagram

Token Ring Topology

The computer Network is classified based on Geographic proximity. such as LAN, WAN, MAN, CAN, HAN, etc.

Star Topology

We can classified the network based  on Host Role, in two way like below,

    1.Peer-to-Peer

    2.Client - Server

 Now we will discuss about the network classification based on Geographic proximity.

LAN:- (Local Area Network) The first kind of network based on geography is the Local Area Network or LAN . Local area network resides within a small geographic area.The computers are geographically close together (that is, in the same building).

WAN:- (Wide Area Network) It's also possible to have a computer network where the networks and the hosts are very widely distributed geographically.A wide area network is a group of interconnected LAN s, Local Area Networks, that are separated geographically. The computers are farther apart and are connected by telephone lines or radio waves or lease lines.

MAN:- (Metropolitan Area Network) Metropolitan Area Network is spanning a physical area larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN, such as a city.A MAN can be owned and operated by a single entity such as a government body or large corporation, but it usually used by many individuals and organizations. The computers are within a limited geographic area, such as a college campus or military base.

CAN:- (Campus Area Network) A data network designed for a town or city. A campus area network, or corporate area network or CAN is a computer network  made up of an interconnection of local area networks  (LAN s) within a limited geographical area.The networking equipments like Router Switches and transmission media (optical fiber, copper plant, Cat5 etc.) are almost entirely owned by the campus tenant / owner: an enterprise, university, government etc.

HAN:- (Home Area Network) A network contained within a user's home that connects a person's digital devices.